状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子,它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
状语从句修饰什么
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子,可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子,可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
举个例子 I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。
这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
状语从句易混淆点
(一)同一引导词引导不同类型的状语从句: as,while, since, in case, so that, 疑问词(when/where)+ever等
1.as→时间状从、原因状从、让步状从、方式状从
2.while→时间状从、让步状从
3.since→时间状从、原因状从
4.in case→条件状从、目的状从
5.so that→结果状从、目的状从
6.疑问词(when/where)+ever→时间状从/地点状从、让步状从
(二)状语从句与动词不定式的转换
1.in order that+目的状从→in order to do sth.(表目的)
2.so that+目的状从→so as (for sb.) to do sth.(表目的)
(三)状语从句涉及的倒装(置于句首引发倒装语序)
1.Not until she had told the truth did everyone know what happened. 直到她说出真相, 大家才知道发生了什么。
2.No sooner had Tom arrived than the early bus left. Tom还没到, 车就开走了。
3.Hardly had Linda said goodbye to him when Tom left. Linda还没来得及和Tom告别, 他就离开了。
4.So nervous was Tom that he didn't pass the exam. Tom太紧张了, 以致于没通过考试。
5.Naughty as/though Linda is, Tom is fond of her. 虽然Linda很皮, 但Tom还是很喜欢她。
(四)状语从句的省略(状从经常省略"主语+be动词或there be"以显得语言更加简洁生动化)
1.If (it is) necessary, welcome to share with me what happened to you. 如果有必要, 欢迎与我分享你的经历。→省略it is
2.When (he was) at school, he often got the first place in his class. 当他在学校时, 他经常是班上第一名。→省略he was
3.When/while (we were) walking, we met Linda. 当我们在走路时, 我们遇见了Linda。→省略he was(注意as引导时间状从时, 不能省略)
4.There are as many apples in my bag as (there are) in your bag. 我包里的苹果和你包里的苹果一样多。→省略there are
状语从句的时态遵循什么原则
状语从句的时态:主现从任、主过从过、主将从现。
1.主句是现在时的话,从句可用任何时态。
Don't laugh at me when I make a mistake.
Do write the number down so that you won't forget it.
2.主句是过去时的话,从句用过去时态中的一种。
He arrived at my house when I was watching TV.
He finally came back, while I had waited for an hour.
3.主句是将来时的话,从句用现在时。
I will be a nurse when I grow up.
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.