动名词实际上是具有动词性质的名词,因此它可以做名词可以作的句子成分。动名词可以在句子中用作宾语。
动名词作宾语的用法
1、作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot
They went on walking and never stopped talking.
他们继续走,说个不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.
在海滩上走真是乐事。
Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。
有些动词之后既可接动词不定式,又可接动名词,可把这类动词分为三种类型:两种形式所表达的含义基本相同,可以互换。这类动词有:attempt ,begin,cease,continue,intend,omit,start,cannot bear,decline,disdain,loathe,neglect,commence
They ceased talking/to talk.
他们停止说话。
Prices will continue to rise/rising.
物价将继续上扬。
What do you intend to do/doing next?
你下一步打算干什么?
宾语用不定式和动名词所表达的含义略有变化。用不定式作宾语时,表示特定的一次性的未来动作;用动名词则表示一般的行为,或者是目前正在进行的行为。也可以说,动名词表示泛指的动作,而不定式表示特指的动作。常这样用的动词有:hate,like,love,prefer,dread等。例如:
Woula you like to go with me?
你想跟我一起走吗?
He preferred to do this rather than do that.
他宁愿做这件事,而不愿做那件事。
2、作介词的宾语
动词+介词+动名词,例如:
The rain prevented us from completing the work.
下雨妨碍我们完成工作。
She complains of the book being too difficult.
她抱怨这本书太难。
形容词+介词+动名词,例如:
I know who is responsible for breaking the window.
我知道窗户是谁打破的。
名词+介词+动名词,例如:
There are many ways of doing it.
有许多方法可以做这件事。
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.
我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?
我们休息呢还是开始干活?
there be和it is也可变为动名词there being 和it being与介词连用。例如:
The car stooped because of there being no fuel in the tank.
因为油箱里没有油,所以汽车停了下来。
介词+动名词也可在句中作状语,表示时间、条件等。例如:
On leaving school,he went into business.
一离开学校,他就投身到商业中去了。
3、作形容词的宾语
The music is well worth listening to more than once.
这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.
我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
动名词做主语的用法
1、动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如:
Seeing is believing.Helping her is my duty.Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。
Working with you is a pleasure.和你一起工作是一种乐趣。
2、动名词常常被看作是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数形式。如:
Eating is an important thing. 吃是一种很重要的事情。
Watching films is my favorite passtime. 看电影是我最喜欢的消遣。
3、动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样,也可以用it作形式主语。如:
It's rather tiring walking around in a city.
不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如:
It's no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
He realized that to go on like this was wrong.(指具体动作)