动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能作补语。动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加Ing。动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
什么情况下要用动名词
一、作主语
1、直接位于句首
eg. Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2、用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
eg. It is no use telling him not to worry.
3、用于“There be”结构中
eg. There is no saying when he'll come.
4、动名词的复合结构作主语:当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构, 动名词疑问句通常使用这种结构做主语
eg. Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
Does your saying that mean anything to him?
二、作宾语
1、作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。不定式通常指某种特定的动作,但动名词表示泛指,常见的此类动词有:
admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot
eg. They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。
2、作介词的宾语
动词+介词+动名词
eg.The rain prevented us from finishing the project.
形容词+介词+动名词
eg. I know who is responsible for breaking the window.
名词+介词+动名词
eg. We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.
3、作形容词的宾语
eg. We are busy preparing for the coming test.
三、作表语:动名词作表语时句子主语常是无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时,要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。
eg. Your task is cleaning the windows.
四、作定语: 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:
eg. a reading room.(a room for reading)