even if所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句的各种时态、结构相同。如:Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
even if虚拟语气用法
even if,as等引导的让步状语从句,从句的谓语动词形式同if引导的非真实条件句
(1)与现在事实相反,用动词过去式(be动词一律用were)
Even if he were my brother, I would not trust him.
即使他是我哥哥,我也不会信任他。(言下之意:他不是我哥哥。)
注意even if引导的从句表达虚拟的、与现实相反的情形;而even though则不用虚拟。
Even though he is my brother, I don't trust him.
尽管他是我哥哥,我还是不会信任他。(言下之意:他真的是我哥哥。)
(2)与过去事实相反,用had+过去分词
Even if I had met him, I wouldn't have told him about our plan.
即使我见过他,我也不会告诉他我们的计划。
(3)与将来事实相反,用should/were to+动词原形
Even if she were to object, that would not change matters.
即使她反对,那也无济于事。
虚拟语气的定义
虚拟语气有“非真实条件句(与现实不符合或不可能实现),倒装虚拟语气(前提是if引导的虚拟语气,此时可将助动词did/had提前,省略if,),错综时间虚拟语气(注意主句从句的时间就好了,往回退一个时态。)
1、什么是虚拟语气
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。
虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设,或难以实现的情况,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
2、虚拟语气应用条件
在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。
即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,愿望,假想,猜测,怀疑或建议,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。主要是英语语法的一种表达。
even if和even though的区别
even though 和 even if 均可用于引导让步状语从句,其细微区别是:
1、even if 引导的从句往往是假设性的,相当于汉语的“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”。如:
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。
Even if I have to walk all the way, I’ll get there.
即使我得一路走着去,我也要走到那里。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan.
即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。
Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can’t be sure he stole it.
就算你看见是他拾起的钱,你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。
正因为even if从句的内容通常是假设性的,所以有时还可用于虚拟语气;这样用的even if 与单独使用的if比较接近。如:
Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it.
他即使有钱也不会买它。
I would have married her even if she had been penniless.
即使她身无分文,我也会和她结婚。
2、even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的,主要用于引出不利用于主句情况的信息,相当于汉语的“尽管”“虽然”。如:
He went out even though it was raining.
尽管在下雨,他还是出去了。
Even though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.
虽然工作艰苦,我还是很喜欢。
He’s the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他
尽管经验最少,但教得最好。
这样用的even though与though或although的意思比较接近,许多时候可以互换(注意:英语可以说though和even though,但不能说even although)。如:
Even though [Thought, Although] I felt sorry for him, l was secretly pleased that he was having difficulties.
虽然我为他感到惋惜,但对他的困难却暗自高兴。
Even though [Thought, Although] we all tried our best, we lost the game.
虽然我们已尽了最大的力量,但还是输了。
3、不过,在实际语言运用中,even if与even though有时也可不加区别地混用。如:
Even if [Even though] she laughs at him, he likes her.
尽管她嘲笑他,他还是很喜欢她。
We thoroughly understand each other, even if [even though] we don’t always agree.
我们彼此非常了解,虽然有时候也有一些分歧。